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TUTORIS
EXCUSATIO CUM PRAEIUDICIIS
A petition for relief from a guardianship
( May
27, AD 173 ) |
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( V. Arangio-Ruiz, Fontes iuris Romani
antejustiniani, III, Firenze, 1943, pp. 79-84, n. 30 ).
Latin translation
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Exemplar
petitionis. |
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Iulio
Lucullo egregio procuratori C. Apollinarius Niger Antinoites, (demo)
Osorantinoëus qui et Hermaeus. |
Marcus
Antistius Gemellus ueteranus testamento quod moriens fecit heredem suam
esse uoluit filiam Valeriam Tertiam, quae et Thaisarion, bonorum a se
relictorum in pago Arsinoitico, eiusque orbitatis tutores quidem reliquit
me Apollinarium Nigrum et Valerium Comonem, adiecit autem tutoribus
puellae auiam Valeriam Sempronillam. Cum autem, domine, ab Herennio
Philota olim procuratore itemque ab Antonino Macrone constitutum sit,
ne Antinoites ciuis ullius impuberis tutor fiat nisi eius qui in Antinoupolitano
territorio degat, nec ipse tutelam quae mihi mandata est subire possim,
subiciens tibi, domine mi, exempla rerum in pari causa iudicatarum,
rogo ut secundum praecepta hac tutela excuser et ut decisionem tuam
adimpleri iubeas ipseque beneficio affici possim. Vale. |
Ecce
autem exemplum : |
Anno
XI Imp. Caesaris Titi Aelii Hadriani Antonini Augusti Pii, mense Mesore
VI. Cum Eudaemon Hermaei filius secundum libellos euocatus esset, et
Dionysius in iudicio adesset, postquam libelli ab eo oblati recitati
sunt, Philotas dixit : ‘ Unde oriundus erat qui Eudaemonem
tutorem reliquit ? ’. |
Apollonius
iunior dixit : ‘ Ciuis Romanus erat, sed in uico Ibione
Panycteri domicilium habuit ’. |
Philotas
dixit : ‘ Recte tutela se excusaret, (etiam)
si Antinoites esset qui eum tutorem reliquit : nulli enim alii
cogi potest tutorem esse, quam ei cuius bona in territorio sint ’. |
Apollonius
dixit : ‘ Probabimus tutelae se eos immiscuisse, et
omnia quasi tutores fecisse ’. |
Philotas
dixit : ‘ Non teneri quidem Eudaemonem ad tutelam gerendam
nisi Antinoitis impuberis, iam iudicatum est : sin autem huic tutelae
se immiscuit, iudicem et arbitros rationibus excutiendis dabo ’. |
Apollonius
iunior dixit : ‘ Eudaemon Hermaei filius se non immiscuit :
se immiscuit autem eius . . . . . . . . . . ’ |
Philotas
dixit : ‘ Estne Antinoites ? estne Antinoites ? ’. |
Respondit :
‘ Sum, et a te beneficium peto ’. |
Philotas
dixit : ‘ Iudicem et arbitrum eundem uirum dabo, qui
inquirat num tutelae se immiscuerit et rationes excutiat et quae inuenerit
cum, (pupillae) familiaribus necnon cum tutore qui constitutus erit
communicet : Hermupolitanus autem exegetes prouidebit ut tutor
detur ’. |
Thracidas
dixit : ‘ Ne conticuisse uideamur, pupillae talenta
. . . . et semissem debere confitemur ’. |
Philotas
dixit : ‘ Quae dixisti in commentariis scripta sunt ’. |
Dioscorus
dixit : ‘ Petimus ut eligendus tutor eisdem condicionibus
detur quibus Eudaemon testamento relictus est ’. |
Philotas
dixit : ‘ Eisdem condicionibus dari iubeo ’. |
Dioscorus
dixit : ‘ Si tibi uidetur, da nobis arbitrum ’. |
Philotas
dixit : ‘ Hermiam qui iam aedilis et cosmeta fuit (arbitrum
do) ’. |
Aliae
rei exemplum : |
‘ Antonius
Macro Aphrodisio exegetae magistratu fungenti Antinoupoli. Antinoitis
impuberibus de quibus scripsisti rerum istic sitarum tutores idoneos
et soluentes dato, rerum in diversis pagis sitarum magistros iube (ibi
quoque tutores) soluentes et idoneos eligere ’. |
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Exemplum
subscriptionis. |
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Puellae
familiaribus denuntiato, ut petitio tua quae mihi oblata est examinetur.
Exitus sententiae hic erit, quod, si forte a tutela (iniuste te
excusaueris), non ignoras pro tempore quoque transacto tuo periculo
te cessauisse. |
Anno
XIII, mense Payni II. Redde. |
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Greek text ( Duke
Data Bank of Documentary Papyri ).
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[ἀντίγρα]φον
ἀναφορίου. | Ἰουλίῳ Λουκούλλωι τῷ κρατίστῳ ἐπιστρατήγῳ | [π]αρὰ Γαίου
Ἀπολιναρίου Νίγερος Ἀντινοέως Ὀσοραντινοείου τ[ο]ῦ καὶ Ἑρμα[ιέ]ως. Μάρκο̣ς̣
Ἀνθέστιος | Γέμελλος οὐετρανὸς τελευτῶν, δι᾽
ἧς ἔθετο διαθήκης, ἠθέλησεν κληρονό[μο]ν ἑαυτοῦ γενέσθαι τὴν θυ-|γατέρα
Οὐαλερίαν Τερτίαν τὴν καὶ Θαισάριον ἀφήλικα τῶν ἀπολειφθέντων ὑπὸ αὐτοῦ
ἐν νομῷ Ἀρσι-|νοείτῃ, ἧς τῆς ὀρφανίας κατέλειψεν ἐπιτρόπους μὲν ἐμὲ
τὸν Ἀπολινάριον Νίγερα καὶ Οὐαλέριον | Κόμωνα, ἐπακολουθήτριαν δὲ τὴν
τῆς παιδὸς μάμμην Οὐαλερίαν Σεμπρονίλλαν. κεκελευσμένου | οὖν, κύριε,
υ῾πό τε Ἑρεννίου Φιλώτα τοῦ ἐπιστρατηγήσαντος καὶ Ἀντω[ν]ίνου Μάκρωνος
ὁμοίως | περὶ τοῦ Ἀντινοέα μηδενὸς
ἄλλου ἐπιτροπεύειν ἢ μόνου τοῦ ἐν τῇ νομαρχίᾳ Ἀ[ν]τινοέως, οὐ
δυνάμε-|νος οὖν οὐδὲ αὐτὸς ὑπακούειν ταύτῃ τῇ ἐνχειρισθείσῃ μοι ἐπιτροπῇ
ἀξιῶ ὑποτάξας σοι τῷ κυρίῳ | μου ἀντίγραφ[ον] τῶν ἐφ᾽
ὁμοίων ἀπαλλαγῆναι τούτου κατὰ τὰ κελευσθέντα καὶ τὸ δόξαν σοι κελεῦσαι
| γενέσθαι, ἵνα ὦ [β]εβοηθημένος. διευτύχει. ἔστι δὲ ἀντίγραφον. (ἔτους)
ια Αὐτοκράτορος Καίσαρος | Τίτου Αἰλίου [Ἁδρι]ανοῦ Ἀντωνίνου Σεβαστοῦ
Εὐσεβοῦς, Μεσορὴ Ϛ. κληθέντος ἐκ βιβλιδίου
Εὐδαίμονος | Ἑρμαίου, προσελθόντος Διονυσίου, καὶ ἀναγνωσθέντος τοῦ
ἐπιδοθέντο[ς] ὑπὸ αὐτοῦ βιβλιδίου, Φιλώ-|τας εἶπεν· πόθεν ἦν [ὁ] καταλιπὼν
Εὐδαίμονα ἐπ[ί]τροπον; Ἀπολλώνιος Νεώτερος εἶπεν· Ῥωμαῖος | [ὢν κατῴκησ]εν
ἐν [Ἰ]βιῶνι Πανυκτέρει. Φιλώτας εἰπεν·
τοῦτο δικαίως ἀ[π]έλεγεν, εἰ Ἀντινοεὺς ἦν |
[ὁ καταστήσα]ς αὐτὸν ἐ[πίτ]ρ[ο]πον· ἄλλῳ γὰρ
οὐδενὶ ἀγώγιμός ἐστιν ἐπιτροπεύει<ν>
αὐτοῦ τῶν κτημάτων | [οὐχ ὑπαρχόν]των ἐν τῇ νομαρχίᾳ. Ἀπολλώνιος
εἶπεν· ἀποδείξομεν αὐτοὺς ἀντιλαβομένους | [τῆς ἐπιτροπῆς] καὶ πάντα
πεποιηκότας ὡς ἐπιτρόπους. Φιλώτας εἶπεν· ὅτι μ̣[ὲ]ν̣ οὐκ ὀφε<ί>λει
ὁ Εὐδαί-|[μων ἐπιτροπ]εύειν, εἰ μὴ μόνου Ἀντινοέως κέκριται. εἰ δὲ ἀντελάβετο
αὐτῆ[ς] τῆς ἐπιτροπῆς, | [τὸν κριτὴν κ]αὶ λογοθέτας δώσω. Ἀπολλώνιος
ὁ Νεώτερος εἶπεν· Εὐδαί[μω]ν Ἑρμ[αίο]υ οὐκ ἀντελάβετο | [........ α]ὐτοῦ
ἀντελάβετο. Φιλώτας εἶπεν· Ἀντινοεὺς ἐστίν; Ἀντινοεὺς ἐστίν, ἀπεκρίνατο,
ναὶ | [καὶ αἰτεῖ εὐ]εργεσίαν τὴν
ἀπὸ σοῦ. Φιλώτας εἶπεν·
δώσω κριτὴν καὶ λογοθέτην τὸν αὐτόν, ὃς ἐξετά-|[σει,
εἰ ἀντ]ελάβετο τῆς ἐπιτροπῆς καὶ τοὺς λόγους ἐξετάσει καὶ ἐπαναγκάσει
τὸ φανὲν παρὰ τοῖς ἐπι-|[τηδείοις καὶ] τῶι κ[ατ]ασταθησομένωι ἐπιτρόπῳ·
ὁ δὲ τῆς Ἑρμουπόλεως ἐξηγητὴς προνοήσει | [ἐπίτροπ]ον κατασταθῆναι.
Θρακίδας εἶπεν· ἵνα μὴ δοκῶμεν σεσιωπηκέναι, ἀσφαλιζόμεθα | [........]α̣
ἥμισυ τάλαντα ὀφείλειν τῇ ὀρφανῇ. Φιλώτας εἶπεν· ἃ εἶπας, γέγραπται.
Διόσκορος | [εἶπεν· ἀξιο]ῦμεν τὸν κατασταθησό[μενο]ν ἐπίτροπον ἐπὶ τοῖς
α[ὐ]τοῖς δικαίοις κατασταθῆναι, | [ἐφ᾽
οἷς Εὐ]δαίμων κατὰ τὰς διαθήκα[ς] κατεστάθη. Φιλώτας εἶπεν· ἐπὶ τοῖς
αὐτοῖς κατασταθῆναι. | [Διόσκορος ε]ἶπεν· ε[ἴ σο]ι δοκεῖ, δὸς ἡμῖν τὸν
λογοθέτην. Φιλώτας εἶπεν Ἑρμίαν τὸν ἀγορανομήσαντα | [καὶ κοσμη]τε(ύσαντα).
καὶ ἄλλου. Ἀντώνιος Μάκρων Ἀφροδισίῳ ἐνάρχωι ἐξηγητῇ Ἀντινουπόλεως |
[χαίρ(ειν)· τῶν δὲ] ὀ[ρ]φανῶν Ἀντινοέων, περὶ ὧν γράφεις, τῶν μὲν ἐνθάδε
πραγμάτων αὐτοῖς ἐπιτρόπους | [ἀξιοχρέους κ]αὶ ἐπιτηδείους κατάστησον,
τῶν δὲ ἐν ἄλλοις νομοῖς ἐπίστειλον τοῖς στρατηγοῖς, ἵνα | [ - ca. 10 - ]ω
καὶ αὐταὶ ἐπι[τη]δείους καὶ ἀξιοχρέους ἕλωνται. (ἔτους)
κβ Αὐτοκράτορος Καίσαρος Τραιανοῦ
| [Ἁδριανοῦ Σεβασ]τοῦ, Φαμενὼ[θ] θ. ἀντίγρ(αφον)
ὑπογραφῆ[ς]. παραγγείλῃ τοῖς οἰκείοις τῆς | [ὀρφανῆς, ἣ ἐν]έτυχε μοι
τὴν ἀξίωσιν σοῦ δοκιμα[στ]ήν. ἡ ἔκβασις τῆς διαλήμψεως, ἐάν | [ποτε
ἀπαιτήσ]ῃ τὴν ἐπιτροπήν, οὐκ ἀγνοεῖς, ὅτι δὴ καὶ εἰς τὸ παρεληλυθὸς
τῷ σῷ κιν-|[δύνῳ ἀνε]χώρησας. (ἔτους) ιγ, Παῦνι β. ἀπόδος. |
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English translation ( Advanced Papyrological Information System ).
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Copy
of a petition ; To ... Iulius Lucullus, the honorable
epistrategos, from Gaius Apolinarius Niger, Antinoite, of the Osirantinoan
tribe and of the Hermaian deme. Marcus Anthestius Gemellus, a veteran,
expressed in the will which he drew up his dying wish that his daughter
Valeria Tertia, also called Thaisarion, a minor, be heir of his property
left in the Arsinoite nome. As guardians of her orphan state he left
me, Apolinarius Niger, and Valerius Komon, and as associate the child's
grandmother Valeria Sempronilla. Now as it has been enjoined, my lord,
by Herennius Philotas the former epistrategos and by Antonius Makron
likewise that an Antinoite shall not act as guardian for any one else
than an Antinoite who is in the nomarchy, therefore, being myself unable
to undertake this guardianship which has been entrusted to me, I have
submitted, my lord, a copy of the decisions in like cases, and ask to
be relieved of this according to the judgements, and beg you to order
your decision to be carried out, so that I may receive relief. Farewell. ;
The copy is : ; The eleventh year of the Emperor Caesar Titus
Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius, Mesore 6. When Eudaimon, son
of Hermaios, had been summoned in accordance with a petition, and Dionysios
had come forward and the petition presented by him had been read before
the court, Philotas said : "Whence was he who left Eudaimon
as guardian ?" Apollonios the Younger said : "He
was a Roman [who dwelt] in Ibion Panykteris." Philotas said :
"Your contention would be just even if [the person who appointed]
him guardian were an Antinoite, for he is not obliged to act as guardian
for anyone other [than an Antinoite] in the nomarchy." Apollonios
said : "We shall show that they undertook [the guardianship]
and have done everything like guardians." Philotas said :
"It has been decided that Eudaimon is not obliged to act as guardian
except only for an Antinoite. But if he undertook this guardianship,
I shall appoint [a judge and] auditors." Apollonios the Younger
said : "Eudaimon son of Hermaios did not accept it, his ... accepted
it." Philotas said : "Is he an Antinoite ? Is he
an Antinoite ?" He replied : "Yes, [and I ask] your
clemency." Philotas said : "I shall appoint the same
person as judge and auditor [who] shall investigate who accepted the
guardianship and shall examine the accounts and shall compel that which
is shown to be in the hands of the (present) guardians [to be given]
to him who will be appointed [guardian]. And the exegete of Hermou polis
shall see to it that the guardian is appointed." Thracidas said :
"Lest we should seem to have remained silent we guarantee that
we owe ... and a half talents to the orphan girl." Philotas
said : "What you have said has been written." Dioskoros
[said] : "We ask that he who is to be appointed guardian be
appointed upon the same conditions [as] Eudaimon was appointed according
to the will." Philotas said : "He is to be appointed
on the same terms." [Dioskoros] said: "If you please, give
us the auditor." Philotas said : "Hermias the former
market commissioner [and] former cosmete." ; (Copy) of
another : ; Antonius Makron to Aphrodisios officiating exegete
of Antinoou polis, [greeting] : For whatever property of the Antinoite
orphans, about whom you write, is in that nome appoint as guardians
[reputable] and suitable persons, but for what is in other nomes notify
the strategoi so that [for each of them] they too may choose suitable
and reputable persons. Twenty-second year of the Emperor Caesar Trajan
[Hadrian Augustus], Phamenoth 9. ; Copy of subscription : ;
Announce to the relatives of the [orphan, who also] petitioned me, that
your request is approved. The upshot of the decision : If you accept
the guardianship [in the future], you are not unaware that you indeed
neglected [it] in the past at your own risk. Year 13, Pauni 12. Deliver
it. |
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► Bibliography
Boak, JEA, 18, 1932, pp. 69-76 ;
Solazzi, Atti R. Sc. Mor. Pol. Napoli, 55, 1933, pp. 3-24
= Scritti di diritto romano, 3, Napoli, 1960, pp. 411-426 ; Hunt & Edgar, Select Papyri,
II, London, 1934, n. 260 ; Wilcken in Bilabel, Sammelbuch
griechischer Urkunden aus Aegypten, V, Heidelberg, 1934, n. 7558 ;
Wilcken, APF, 11, 1935, pp. 132 ss. ; Arangio-Ruiz,
FIRA III, Firenze, 1943, pp. 79-84, n. 30 ; Youtie
& Pearl, Papyri and ostraca from Karanis, Ann Arbor,
1944, p. 118 ; JJP,
7-8, 1953-54, p. 287 ; Chalon, L'Édit de Tiberius Julius Alexander : Étude
historique et exégétique, Olten-Lausanne, 1964, p. 171 ;
Kaser, Das römisches Zivilprozessrecht, München, 1966, p. 474 ;
Seidl, Claus & Müller, Rechtsgeschichte Ägyptens als römischer
Provinz : Die Behauptung des ägyptischen Rechts neben dem römischen,
Sankt Augustin, 1973, pp. 223 and 687 ; Youtie, ZPE, 13, 1974, pp. 241-248 ;
Sijpesteijn & Worp, Fünfunddreissig Wiener Papyri,
Zutphen, 1976, p. 16 ; Sijpesteijn, The family of the Tiberii Iulii Theones,
Amsterdam, 1976, p. 12 ; Masiello, La donna tutrice : Modelli culturali
e prassi giuridica fra gli Antonini e i Severi, Napoli, 1979 ;
Katzoff, ANRW, II, 13, 1980, p. 836 ; Pintaudi, Miscellanea papyrologica, Firenze,
1980, p. 356 ; Anagnostou-Canas, RHD, 62, 1984, p. 342 ;
Kramer, Hagedorn & Römer, Griechische Texte der Heidelberger
Papyrus-Sammlung (P. Heid. IV), Heidelberg, 1986, pp. 46
and 49 ; Hoogendijk & van Minnen, Tyche, 2, 1987, pp. 72-73 ; Zahrnt, ANRW, II, 10, 1, 1988, p. 683 ;
Delia, Alexandrian citizenship during the Roman principate,
Atlanta, 1991, p. 33 ; Horbury & Noy, Jewish inscriptions of Graeco-Roman
Egypt : with an index of the Jewish inscriptions of Egypt and
Cyrenaica, Cambridge, 1992, p. 178 ; Haensch, ZPE,
100, 1994, p. 536 ; Alston, Soldier and Society in Roman Egypt, London-New York,
1995, p. 231 ; Krause, Witwen und Waisen im Römischen
Reich, III, Stuttgart, 1995, pp. 71, 88 and 92 ; Salomons, Papyri Bodleianae I, Amsterdam, 1996, p. 27 ; Alston, Soldier and society in Roman Egypt :
A social history, London-New York, 1998, pp. 124 and 231-232 ;
Arjava, Women and law in late antiquity, Oxford, 1998,
p. 90 ; Montevecchi & Daris, Scripta selecta,
Milano, 1998, p. 279 ; Jördens in Eck, Lokale Autonomie und römische Ordnungsmacht
in den kaiserzeitlichen Provinzen vom 1. Bis 3. Jahrhundert,
München, 1999, p. 160 ; Jördens, Chiron, 31, 2001,
p. 73 ; Evans Grubbs, Women
and the Law in the Roman Empire : A Sourcebook on Marriage, Divorce
and widowhood, London-New York, 2002, p. 324 ; Katzoff & Schaps, Law in the documents
of the Judaean desert, Leiden, 2005, p. 100 ; Willis, Maresch & Andorlini, Das Archiv des
Aurelius Ammon (P. Ammon), Paderborn, 2006, p. 82 ;
Rupprecht & Worp, Berichtigungsliste der Griechischen
Papyrusurkunden aus Ägypten, XII, Leiden, 2009, p. 189 ;
Kreinecker, 2. Thessaloniker : Papyrologische Kommentare
zum Neuen Testament, Göttingen, 2010, p. 141 ; Kugler in Harlow, Goff & Hogan, The
"Other" in Second Temple Judaism : Essays in Honor
of John J. Collins, Grand Rapids-Cambridge, 2011, pp. 466-467.
► Source : Arsinoite papyrus ( SB V, 7558 = Sel. Pap. II,
260 ).
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