|
|
INCERTAE
AEGYPTIAE SODALITATIS LEX
Guild ordinance
( AD
14-37 ) |
| |
( V. Arangio-Ruiz,
Fontes iuris Romani antejustiniani, III, Firenze, 1968, pp. 618-622,
n. 46 bis ).
~ Text
submitted by Prof. Dr. Klaas Anthony Worp ~
Latin translation
|
| |
| r |
|
| . . . . . . . . .
magistrum creauerunt proximi (?) . . . . . . . . . . . .
anni Tiberii Caesaris Augusti Heronem Orseutis filium, quocum necessario
conuiuium faciunto cuiusque mensis die XII, unoquoque in menses conferente
quas aequaliter singulis impositae sunt drachmas duodenas : aduersus
eum uero, qui haec ceteraque praecepta non seruauerit, pignus capere
magistro liceto. Si quis nimio uino usus insanierit, poenam subito quam
sodalitati placuerit. Si is cui conuentus denuntiatus sit non stiterit,
poenam subito in uico drachmae unius, in metropoli drachmarum IV. Si
quis uxorem duxerit, drachmas II dato ; si filius natus sit, dr.
II ; si filia, dr. I ; si praedia emerit, dr. IV ; si
pecorum gregem, dr. IV ; si bouem, dr. I. Si quis socium in difficultate
egentem neglexerit nec ipsi adfuerit ut angustiis liberaretur, dr. VIII
dato. Qui in conuiuio alterius locum occupauerit, tres obolos dato amplius
quam pro suo loco. Si quis alterum accusauerit uel infamauerit, poenam
subito dr. VIII. Si quis quid in alterius iacturam machinatus sit, uel
alterius domum expilauerit, poenam subito dr. LX. Si quis priuati debiti
causa in custodiam traditus sit, sponsores (sodales) fiant (usque ad
argenteas dr. C in dies XXX, intra quas hos uiros obligatione liberare
ille teneatur. Et ualeant quidem omnes : si uero sodalium quilibet
mortuus sit, radunto omnes conuiuiumque faciunto unam diem, ferens quisque
statim dr. I panesque II ; diuersis autem humanis casibus conuiuium
faciunto unam diem. Qui in capite radi passus non sit, poenam subito
dr. IV. Qui omnino in pompa non processerit nec coronam ad sepulcrum
attulerit, poenam subito dr. IV. Cetera ita sunto uti sodalibus placuerit.
Rata (lex) esto cum maior pars subscripserit : rata magistro restituatur.
(...)
|
| |
Greek text ( Duke
Data Bank of Documentary Papyri ).
|
| |
| r |
|
traces
| [ - ca. ? - ἔτ]ους Τιβερίου Κα̣ί̣σ̣α̣ρ̣[ος]
Σεβαστο̣ῦ Ἥρωνα Ὀρσεῦτος σὺν ὧι ἐπάναγκον εὐωχείσθωσαν κατὰ μῆνα τῇ
ιβ, | ἑκάστου εἰς̣ ἐπιμήν̣[ι]ο̣ν̣ τελοῦντος τὰς ἐξ̣ ἴ̣σου κατ᾽ ὄνομα
κεκριμένας ἀργυρίου δραχμὰς δέκα δύο , κατὰ δὲ τοῦ ἀδωσιδικοῦντος ἐπὶ
| τ̣ο̣ύτων καὶ τῶν ἄλ̣[λω]ν ἐξέστω τῶι προ̣σ̣τάτηι ἐνεχυράζειν. ἐὰν
δέ τις ἐκπαροινήσῃ ζημιούσθω ὃ ἐὰν τῶι κοινῶι δόξηι. | ἐ̣ὰν δέ τιν̣ι̣
[[ζ]] σύλλο̣[γ]ο̣ς παραγγελῆι καὶ μὴ παραγένηται, ζημιούσθω ἐπὶ μὲν
τῆς κώμης δραχ(μὴν) μίαν , ἐπὶ δὲ τῆς πόλεω(ς) δραχ(μὰς) τέσσαρας .
| [ἐ]ὰ̣ν δέ τις γ̣α̣μ̣ήσῃ, δότω (δραχμὰς) β, παιδογονίου ἄρρενο(ς) (δραχμὰς)
β, θηλείας (δραχμὴν) α, ἀγορασμοῦ ἐγγαίου (δραχμὰς) δ, ἀγέλης προβάτων
(δραχμὰς) δ, κτηνῶ(ν) (δραχμὴν) α. | ἐάν τις παρίδῃ τινὰ ἐν ἀηδίᾳ καὶ
μὴ συνεπισχύσῃ ἐπὶ τὸ συλλῦσαι αὐτὸν τῆς ἀηδίας, δότω (δραχμὰς) η̣.
ὁ δ᾽ ἐν ταῖς εὐωχία<ι>ς | κατὰ κλισίαν προαναπίπτων τοῦ ἑτέρου
δότω περισσότερον τριώβολον τοῦ ἰδίου τόπου ἕκασ̣τ̣ο̣ς. ἐάν τις τοῦ
ἑτέρου κατη-|γορήσῃ ἢ διαβολὴν ποιήσηται, ζημι(ούσθω) (δραχμὰς) η. ἐάν
τις τὸν ἕτερον ὑπονομεύσῃ ἢ οἰκοφθορήσῃ, ζημιο(ύσθω) (δραχμὰς) ξ. ἐάν
τις πρὸς ἰδιωτικ(ὸν) | παραδοθῇ, ἐγγυάσθωσαν αὐτὸν ἕως ἀργ(υρίου) (δραχμῶν)
ἑκατὸν π̣ρ̣ὸ̣ς̣ ἡμέρ(ας) λ, ἐν αἷς ἀπευλυτήσει τοὺς ἄνδρας. εἴη μὲν
ὑγιεία· ἐάν τις τῶν | συνοδιτῶν τελευτήσῃ, ξυράσθωσαν πάντ̣ε̣ς καὶ ἑστιάτωσαν
ἡμέρ(αν) α, ἑκάστου παραχρῆμα εἰσφέροντος (δραχμὴν) α καὶ κάκεις δύο ,
| ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν ἄλλων ἀνθρωπίνων ἑστιά<τωσα>ν ἡμέρ(αν) α. ὁ ἐπὶ κεφαλικοῦ
μὴ ξυρησάμενος ζημιο(ύσθω) (δραχμὰς) δ. ὁ ἐπὶ πάντων μὴ μιανθεὶς | μ̣ηδὲ
[στέ]μ̣μα καταστήσας ἐπὶ τὸν τάφον ζημιο(ύσθω) (δραχμὰς) δ. τὰ δ᾽ ἄλλα
ἃ ἐὰν τῶι κοινῶι δόξῃ. κύριος <ἔ>στω ὁ νόμος ὑπογραφεὶς ὑπὸ τῶν
| πλείστων· κύριος τῶι προστάτῃ ἀποδοθήτω. | Ἡράκλειος Ἀφροδισίου (ὡς
ἐτῶν) μβ ο(ὐλὴ) παρὰ μεσόφρ(υον). | Ὀρσῆς Κρονίδου (ὡς ἐτῶν) με ο(ὐλὴ)
ὀφρ(ύει). | Μιεῦς Ἁρμιύσιος (ὡς ἐτῶν) μϚ
ο(ὐλὴ) πρ(οσώπῳ) ἐξ ἀρ(ιστερῶν) | Ἁρμιῦσις Φασῶτος (ὡς ἐτῶν) νε ο(ὐλὴ) .... δε(ξι
). | (hand 2) Ἥρων Ὀρ<σ>εῦτος εὐδοκῶ προστάτης καθὼς
πρόκειται. | (hand 3) Σωτήρι[χ]ος Σωτηρίχου εὐδοκῶ. |
(hand 4) Πάτρων Πατύνιος εὐδοκῶ | (hand 5)
Ἡρώδης Σωτηρίχου εὐδοκῶ. | (hand 6) Ψενοβάστις Ἡρώδου
εὐδοκῶ | (hand 7) Ἡρώδης Ἡρώδου τοῦ Ἰσιδώρου εὐδοκῶ. |
(hand 8) Ὀρσενοῦ[φ]ις Ἁρμιύσιος εὐδοκῶ. { ̣} | (hand 9)
Ἀπολ̣λ̣όνιος Ἀφροδισίου εὐδοκῶ. | (hand 10) Ἡρακλῆ[ς]
Ἀφροδισίου καὶ Ἁρμιῦσις Φασῶτος καὶ Ὀρσῆς | Κρονίδου̣ [κ]α̣ὶ Μιεῦς Ἁρμιύ̣σιος
εὐδοκοῦμεν καθὼς | πρόκιτα̣[ι]. ἔγραψεν ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν Νικάνωρ | Ἡλιοδώ[ρο]υ
διὰ τὸ μὴ εἰδέναι αὐτοὺς γράμ<μ>ατα. | (hand 11)
Ὀρσ[ε]νοῦφις Ὥρου εὐδοκῶ. | Ὀρσε̣ν̣οῦφις Ἀφροδισίου εὐδοκῶ.
| Ἡρα̣κ̣λᾶς Πτο[λε]μ̣αίου εὐδοκῶ. | [ὑ]π̣[έγ]ραψ[εν
ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν Ὀρ]σενοῦφ[ις] Ὥρου το̣ῦ̣ | [ - ca. 13 - διὰ
τ]ὸ̣ μὴ εἰδέναι | [αὐτοὺς γράμματα]. |
|
| v |
| |
| ερη
̣ ̣ πραξιω ̣ ̣ ̣χ̣
|
|
English translation ( Advanced
Papyrological Information System ).
|
| |
| r |
|
[---
have chosen as president for the . .] year of Tiberius Caesar Augustus
Heron, son of Orseus, in whose company they shall hold a banquet each
month on the 12th, each one contributing for his monthly dues the twelve
silver drachmai assigned equally to each. If anyone fails to meet his
obligations in these or the other matters, the president has the right
to exact pledges. If anyone misconducts himself, let him be fined whatever
the society may decide. If anyone receives notice of a meeting and does
not attend, let him be fined one drachme in the village, but in the
city four drachmai. If anyone marries let him pay two drachmai, for
the birth of a male child two drachmai, for a female one drachma, for
the purchase of a property four drachmai, for a flock of sheep four
drachmai, for cattle one drachme. If anyone neglects another in trouble
and does not give aid to release him from his trouble, let him pay eight
drachmai. And each one who in taking seats at the banquets shoves in
front of another shall pay an extra three obols for his own place. If
anyone prosecutes another or defames him, let him be fined eight drachmai.
If anyone intrigues against another or corrupts his home, let him be
fined eight drachmai. If anyone is given into custody for a private
debt, let them go bail for him up to one hundred silver drachmai for
thirty days, within which he will release the men. May health prevail !
[But] if one the members dies, let all be shaved and let them hold a
feast for one day, each bringing at once one drachme and two loaves,
and in the case of other bereavements, let them hold a feast for one
day. Let him who is not shaven in case of a death be fined four drachmai.
Whoever has taken no part in the funeral and has not placed a wreath
on the tomb shall be fined four drachmai. And let the other matters
be as the society may decide. Let the law be valid. When subscribed
by the majority (and) validated, let it be returned to the president ;
Herakleios, son of Aphrodisios, about 42 years old, with a scar between
the eyebrows ; Orses, son of Kronides, about 45 years old, with
a scar on an eyebrow ; Mieus, son of Harmiysis, about 46 years
old, with a scar on his face to the left ; Harmiysis, son of Phasos,
about 55 years old, with a scar on the right . . . ;
(2nd hand) I, Heron, son of Orseus, president, approve
(the law) as set forth above ; (3rd hand) I, Soterichos,
son of Soterichos, give my approval ; (4th hand)
I, Patron, son of Patynis, give my approval ; (5th hand)
I, Herodes, son of Soterichos, give my approval ; (6th hand)
I, Psenobastis, son of Herodes, give my approval ; (7th hand)
I, Herodes, son of Herodes alias(?) Isidoros, give my approval ;
(8th hand) I, Orsenouphis, son of Harmiysis, give my approval ;
(9th hand) I, Apollonios, son of Aphrodisios, give my
approval ; (10th hand) We, Herakles, son of Aphrodisios,
and Harmiysis, son of Phasos, and Orses, son of Kronides, and Mieus,
son of Harmiysis, give our approval as set forth above. Nikanor,
son of Heliodoros, wrote for them since they are illiterate ; (11th hand)
I, Orsenouphis, son of Horos, give my approval ; I, Orsenouphis,
son of Aphrodisios, give my approval ; I, Heraklas, son of Ptolemaios,
give my approval ; Orsenouphis, son of Horos, . . . ,
wrote for them since they illiterate |
| |
| v |
|
| ( Text
too fragmentary to be translated ) |
| |
► Bibliography
Boak, TAPhA, 68, 1937, pp. 212-220 ; Husselman, Boak & Edgerton, Michigan Papyri :
Papyri from Tebtunis, Part 2, Ann Arbor, 1944, n. 243 ;
Préaux, RIDA, 1, 1948, pp. 189-198 ; Pirenne, Archives
d'histoire du droit oriental, IV, Anvers-Paris, 1949, p. 83 ;
Schnöckel, Untersuchungen zu den P. Mich. 243-248 :
Vereinssatzungen der frühen Prinzipatszeit aus Tebtynis, Diss.,
Erlangen, 1956 ; Taubenschlag,
Opera minora, II, Paris-Warszawa, 1959, pp. 140
and 732 ; Wolff, Das Recht der griechischen Papyri Ägyptens
in der Zeit der Ptolemaeer und des Prinzipats, II, München, 1978,
p. 128 ; Gallazzi, Ostraka da Tebtynis della Università
di Padova, I, Milano, 1979, p. 111 ; Perpillou-Thomas,
Fêtes d'Égypte ptolémaïque et romaine d'après la documentation
papyrologique grecque, Louvain, 1993, pp. 16 and 269 ;
Tenger, Die Verschuldung im römischen Ägypten (1.-2. Jh. n. Chr.),
St. Katharinen, 1993, pp. 114 and 118 ; Fikhman, ZPE, 103, 1994, pp. 20 and 36 ;
Pestman & Rupprecht, Berichtigungsliste der griechischen
Papyrusurkunden aus Aegypten, IX, Leiden, 1995, p. 160 ;
Husselman, Martinez & Williams, ZPE, 118, 1997,
pp. 260-262 ; Parkins, Roman Urbanism : Beyond
the Consumer City, London-New York, 1997, pp. 148 and
152 ; Alston in Parkins & Smith,
Trade, traders, and the ancient city, London-New York,
1998, p. 172 ; Clarysse,
Fest. Huss, Paris, 2001, p. 162 ; Husson in
Dumoulin & Thelamon, Autour des morts : Mémoire
et identité (Coll. intern., Rouen, 1998), Rouen, 2001, p. 179 ; Alston, The City
in Roman and Byzantine Egypt, London-New York, 2002, pp. 208-209 ;
Mees, Organisationsformen römischer Töpfer-Manufakturen
am Beispiel von Arezzo und Rheinzabern : unter Berücksichtigung
von Papyri, Inschriften und Rechtsquellen, Mainz, 2002, pp. 387-388 ; Reiter in Lippert & Schentuleit,
Tebtynis und Soknopaiu Nesos : Leben im römerzeitlichen Fajum,
Wiesbaden, 2005, p. 138 ; Eckhard & Schnabel,
Der erste Brief des Paulus an die Korinther, Wuppertal, 2006,
p. 281 ; Jördens, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft im spätantiken
Ägypten : Kleine Schriften Itzhak F. Fikhman, Stuttgart,
2006, pp. 1-2 ; Gambetti, The Alexandrian riots of
38 C.E. and the persecution of the Jews : A historical reconstruction,
Leiden, 2009, pp. 207-208.
► Source : Papyrus from Tebtynis ( P. Mich. V,
243 ).
|
| |