Just as antiquity neglected the general formalities of adoption, which it considered an important act, although it allowed it to take place without the offering of prayer and the celebration of sacred rites, so also, it appeared to have neglected the most important part of marriage, since it permitted it to be consummated without the bestowal of the nuptial benediction. But while the ancients may, perhaps, have had good reason for doing this, We, aided by Divine grace, have preferred to adopt a mode of life much more honorable and holy, and have not failed to observe the things above mentioned. Therefore, as We have directed that prayers shall accompany the act of adoption, We desire that marriage shall likewise be confirmed by the bestowal of the holy benediction, so that if anyone should be married without it, he cannot be said to have entered the matrimonial state, or to enjoy its rights. For there is no medium between marriage and celibacy which should not be considered reprehensible. Have you a desire to embrace conjugal life? If you do, it will be necessary for you to observe the laws relating to marriage. Do the annoyances of the marriage state deter you? You may live unmarried, but do not disgrace matrimony, and conceal your faults under the mask of a spurious celibacy.