THE NEW CONSTITUTIONS OF THE EMPEROR LEO. |
~ XXII ~ |
A
WOMAN WHO DOES NOT MARRY A SECOND TIME SHALL BE ENTITLED TO THE SHARE
OF A SINGLE CHILD OUT OF HER HUSBAND'S ESTATE, AND WHERE THE FATHER
SURVIVES HE SHALL ENJOY THE SAME PRIVILEGE. |
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( S. P. Scott, The Civil Law, XVII, Cincinnati, 1932 ). |
The
Same Emperor to Stylianus, Most Illustrious Master of the Offices. |
As
We have yielded to custom, in numerous instances, when it contained
nothing absurd or injurious, and have even given it the force of law
when people accustomed to its observance were reluctant to reject it,
We think that We should also adopt the provisions having reference to
the grant of the ante-nuptial donation to the wife when she survives,
and, having children by a first husband, does not marry again. The old
law gave her this privilege, and while granting her the usufruct of
the property, it also allowed her the share of one child in absolute
ownership. A subsequent law permitted her to take the said share, not
only out of what composed the ante-nuptial donation but also out of
the remainder of the estate of her husband. Custom, however, did not
entirely approve of either of these enactments, but, partially following
both of them, decided that it was not proper to allow her a share of
one of the children, whether it was taken out of the ante-nuptial donation
or from other property belonging to the husband; and altering the character
of the said share, it allowed her to have a fixed amount of the entire
estate of her husband. Since this practice is in no respect injurious
to the welfare of Our subjects, We deem it advisable to adopt it as
a law, as We have done in several other instances, and confer upon it
absolute legal authority, instead of that which it derived from common
usage. Where all the property of the husband was included in the antenuptial
donation, the mother, if she survives, can, along with her children
born to said husband, take the share to the full ownership of which
she is entitled, and enjoy the usufruct of the remainder. But where
the property of the husband was not sufficient to constitute the donation,
the share of the woman will not be subjected to a reduction in proportion
to what was lacking, and the result will be the same as if what was
thus bestowed had not suffered any diminution, and the ante-nuptial
donation had been complete. Therefore, after the woman has received
her share in this way, the remainder of the estate will go to their
children, who, in case their father left nothing, will be obliged to
indemnify her for the loss which she sustains, and prevent her from
suffering from poverty. This is the way in which We have provided for
the rights of the wife when she survives. Where on the other hand, the
husband survives, he will neither gain nor lose anything when there
are no children, as We have elsewhere decreed in amending a law; but
when there are children, and he has no intention of marrying again,
then, in order to indemnify him for the expense of their education,
and on account of the honor and reverence manifested by him to his first
marriage, he shall be entitled to a share equal to that of one of his
children, to be deducted from the dowry. |
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